I installed SharePoint 2010 Service Pack 1 and the June 2011 CU tonight on a fairly new farm, but with a complicated User Profile Synchronization configuration.  After installing the patches, everything appeared to work fine.

However, when I went to do a Full User Profile Sync, I saw some of these errors...

<p style="padding-left: 30px"><em>System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation. ---&gt; System.PlatformNotSupportedException: Microsoft SharePoint is not supported with version 4.0.30319.225 of the Microsoft .Net Runtime.</em></p>

<p style="padding-left: 30px"><em>Cannot open the FIM Synchronization Service database because the database schema version in existing database does not match the required version.</em></p>

The solution? Uninstall .NET 4 Extended Properties and Client Profiles and reboot!  No more errors!